Now that I had my own formal propertyfile,I could do more than check the properties of others, I could now build my ownAXI-lite slave coreas well. At this point, it was easy to do. Fig. 6 shows the kind ofthroughput I was able to achieve on the write channel,
Core Pre Gfx Ff VERIFIED
Behold, we count them happy which endure. Ye have heard of the patience of Job, and have seen the end of the Lord; that the Lord is very pitiful, and of tender mercy. (James 5:11) The ZipCPU by Gisselquist Technology zipcpu@gmail.com
ZipCPU
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The ZipCPU blog, featuring how to discussions of FPGA and soft-core CPU design. This site will be focused on Verilog solutions, using exclusively OpenSource IP products for FPGA design. Particular focus areas include topics often left out of more mainstream FPGA design courses such as how to debug an FPGA design.
Wed Nov 09, 2016 11:07:43: Device "MKL27Z256XXX4" selected. Wed Nov 09, 2016 11:07:43: DLL version: V4.98e, compiled May 5 2015 11:00:52 Wed Nov 09, 2016 11:07:43: Firmware: J-Link V9 compiled Apr 22 2016 11:47:06 Wed Nov 09, 2016 11:07:43: Selecting SWD as current target interface. Wed Nov 09, 2016 11:07:43: JTAG speed is initially set to: 32 kHz Wed Nov 09, 2016 11:07:43: Found SWD-DP with ID 0x0BC11477 Wed Nov 09, 2016 11:07:43: Found SWD-DP with ID 0x0BC11477 Wed Nov 09, 2016 11:07:43: Found Cortex-M0 r0p1, Little endian. Wed Nov 09, 2016 11:07:43: FPUnit: 2 code (BP) slots and 0 literal slots Wed Nov 09, 2016 11:07:43: CoreSight components: Wed Nov 09, 2016 11:07:43: ROMTbl 0 @ F0002000 Wed Nov 09, 2016 11:07:43: ROMTbl 0 [0]: FFFFE000, CID: B105900D, PID: 001BB932 MTB-M0+ Wed Nov 09, 2016 11:07:43: ROMTbl 0 [1]: FFFFF000, CID: B105900D, PID: 0008E000 MTBDWT Wed Nov 09, 2016 11:07:43: ROMTbl 0 [2]: F00FD000, CID: B105100D, PID: 000BB4C0 ROM Table Wed Nov 09, 2016 11:07:43: ROMTbl 1 @ E00FF000 Wed Nov 09, 2016 11:07:43: ROMTbl 1 [0]: FFF0F000, CID: B105E00D, PID: 000BB008 SCS Wed Nov 09, 2016 11:07:43: ROMTbl 1 [1]: FFF02000, CID: B105E00D, PID: 000BB00A DWT Wed Nov 09, 2016 11:07:43: ROMTbl 1 [2]: FFF03000, CID: B105E00D, PID: 000BB00B FPB Wed Nov 09, 2016 11:07:44: SYSRESETREQ has confused core. Trying to reconnect and use VECTRESET. Wed Nov 09, 2016 11:07:44: Found SWD-DP with ID 0x0BC11477 Wed Nov 09, 2016 11:07:44: Warning: Failed to reset CPU. VECTRESET has confused core. Wed Nov 09, 2016 11:07:44: Warning: RESET (pin 15) high, but should be low. Please check target hardware. Wed Nov 09, 2016 11:07:44: Warning: CPU did not halt after reset. Wed Nov 09, 2016 11:07:44: Warning: CPU could not be halted Wed Nov 09, 2016 11:07:44: Core did not halt after reset, trying to disable WDT. Wed Nov 09, 2016 11:07:44: Warning: RESET (pin 15) high, but should be low. Please check target hardware. Wed Nov 09, 2016 11:07:45: Warning: CPU did not halt after reset. Wed Nov 09, 2016 11:07:45: Warning: CPU could not be halted Wed Nov 09, 2016 11:07:45: Warning: S_RESET_ST not cleared Wed Nov 09, 2016 11:07:45: Warning: RESET (pin 15) high, but should be low. Please check target hardware. Wed Nov 09, 2016 11:07:45: Found SWD-DP with ID 0x0BC11477 Wed Nov 09, 2016 11:07:45: SYSRESETREQ has confused core. Trying to reconnect and use VECTRESET. Wed Nov 09, 2016 11:07:45: Found SWD-DP with ID 0x0BC11477 Wed Nov 09, 2016 11:07:45: Warning: Failed to reset CPU. VECTRESET has confused core. Wed Nov 09, 2016 11:07:45: Warning: RESET (pin 15) high, but should be low. Please check target hardware. Wed Nov 09, 2016 11:07:45: Warning: CPU did not halt after reset. Wed Nov 09, 2016 11:07:46: Warning: CPU could not be halted Wed Nov 09, 2016 11:07:46: Core did not halt after reset, trying to disable WDT. Wed Nov 09, 2016 11:07:46: Warning: RESET (pin 15) high, but should be low. Please check target hardware. Wed Nov 09, 2016 11:07:46: Warning: CPU did not halt after reset. Wed Nov 09, 2016 11:07:46: Warning: CPU could not be halted Wed Nov 09, 2016 11:07:46: Warning: S_RESET_ST not cleared Wed Nov 09, 2016 11:07:51: Fatal error: Error while identifying Cortex-M core. Session aborted! Wed Nov 09, 2016 11:07:51: Unloaded macro file: C:\Program Files (x86)\IAR Systems\Embedded Workbench 7.2\arm\config\flashloader\Freescale\FlashKLxx.mac
From Cdesigner a Spice netlist is generated. We run spice simulations to make sure that the design is working. A simulation is also run after physical design of an analog IC. Similar Spice netlist is generated and verified after physical design for Digital integrated circuits. Running corner cases for TT, FF and SS applies for analog IC as well. The following simulations are part of a verification process for an Analog IC:
At the suggestion of several RPS readers (and with the implicit recommendation of, apparently, scores of other Steam Deck owners), I finally got round to playing Vampire Survivors. And fine, FINE, it rocks. Simply moving around and auto-attacking sounds like a dreadfully dull premise but as the XP-unlocked weapon upgrades stack up, and the initial trickles of enemies become screen-filling bullet hell hordes, holding back the tide with time-stopping lasers and weaponised Bibles becomes almost hypnotically compelling.
The default behavior for KVM guests is to run operations coming from the guest as a number of threads representing virtual processors. Those threads are managed by the Linux scheduler like any other thread and are dispatched to any available CPU cores based on niceness and priority queues. As such, the local CPU cache benefits (L1/L2/L3) are lost each time the host scheduler reschedules the virtual CPU thread on a different physical CPU. This can noticeably harm performance on the guest. CPU pinning aims to resolve this by limiting which physical CPUs the virtual CPUs are allowed to run on. The ideal setup is a one to one mapping such that the virtual CPU cores match physical CPU cores while taking hyperthreading/SMT into account.
In addition, in some modern CPUs, groups of cores often share a common L3 cache. In such cases, care should be taken to pin exactly those physical cores that share a particular L3. Failing to do so might lead to cache evictions which could result in microstutters.
Most modern CPUs support hardware multitasking, also known as hyper-threading on Intel CPUs or SMT on AMD CPUs. Hyper-threading/SMT is simply a very efficient way of running two threads on one CPU core at any given time. You will want to take into consideration that the CPU pinning you choose will greatly depend on what you do with your host while your virtual machine is running.
Since all cores are connected to the same L3 in this example, it does not matter much how many CPUs you pin and isolate as long as you do it in the proper thread pairs. For instance, (0, 6), (1, 7), etc.
If you do not need all cores for the guest, it would then be preferable to leave at the very least one core for the host. Choosing which cores one to use for the host or guest should be based on the specific hardware characteristics of your CPU, however Core 0 is a good choice for the host in most cases. If any cores are reserved for the host, it is recommended to pin the emulator and iothreads, if used, to the host cores rather than the VCPUs. This may improve performance and reduce latency for the guest since those threads will not pollute the cache or contend for scheduling with the guest VCPU threads. If all cores are passed to the guest, there is no need or benefit to pinning the emulator or iothreads.
If you do not intend to be doing any computation-heavy work on the host (or even anything at all) at the same time as you would on the virtual machine, you may want to pin your virtual machine threads across all of your cores, so that the virtual machine can fully take advantage of the spare CPU time the host has available. Be aware that pinning all physical and logical cores of your CPU could induce latency in the guest virtual machine.
If supported by CPU page size could be set manually. 1 GiB huge page support could be verified by grep pdpe1gb /proc/cpuinfo. Setting 1 GiB huge page size via kernel parameters : default_hugepagesz=1G hugepagesz=1G hugepages=X.
Depending on the way your CPU governor is configured, the virtual machine threads may not hit the CPU load thresholds for the frequency to ramp up. Indeed, KVM cannot actually change the CPU frequency on its own, which can be a problem if it does not scale up with vCPU usage as it would result in underwhelming performance. An easy way to see if it behaves correctly is to check if the frequency reported by watch lscpu goes up when running a CPU-intensive task on the guest. If you are indeed experiencing stutter and the frequency does not go up to reach its reported maximum, it may be due to cpu scaling being controlled by the host OS. In this case, try setting all cores to maximum frequency to see if this improves performance. Note that if you are using a modern intel chip with the default pstate driver, cpupower commands will be ineffective, so monitor /proc/cpuinfo to make sure your cpu is actually at max frequency.
The isolcpus kernel parameter will permanently reserve CPU cores, even when the guest is not running. A more flexible alternative is to dynamically isolate CPUs when starting the guest. This can be achieved with the following alternatives:
For some users, even if IOMMU is enabled and the core count is set to more than 1, the virtual machine still only uses one CPU core and thread. To solve this enable "Manually set CPU topology" in virt-manager and set it to the desirable amount of CPU sockets, cores and threads. Keep in mind that "Threads" refers to the thread count per CPU, not the total count.
This issue seems to primarily affect users running a Windows 10 guest and usually after the virtual machine has been run for a prolonged period of time: the host will experience multiple CPU core lockups (see [8]). To fix this try enabling Message Signal Interrupts on the GPU passed through to the guest. A good guide for how to do this can be found in [9]. You can also download this application for windows here [10] that should make the process easier. 2ff7e9595c
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